R32 refrigerant regulations. 18 of the key points about R32 refrigerant.
R32 refrigerant regulations The operation of existing air conditioning systems with R32 remains permitted, as the EU On this page: Overview; Requirements to Purchase Refrigerant; Wholesaler Responsibilities when Selling Refrigerant; Overview. Older refrigerants like R-410A are being phased out and replaced with newer, more sustainable options like R-454B and R-32. Is R-22a or 22a refrigerant the same as HCFC-22? See seven key reasons why R-32 refrigerant is the proven, easy replacement HVAC contractors should choose to replace R-410A. Key Takeaways. The EU's F-Gas Regulation 2024 does not impose any restrictions on the continued operation of air conditioning systems and heat pumps using R32 refrigerant. For transportation purposes, R32 is classified as a dangerous goods class 2. Further alternatives are also entering the market. As of January 1, 2024, the production of high-GWP HFC refrigerants, such as R-410A, R-134a, and R-404A, has been Big changes are coming to the HVAC industry starting January 1, 2025, due to new EPA regulations on refrigerants. 1. An overview of the HCFC phaseout requirements summaries of the most recent rulemakings. R32 vs. Learn how R32 outperforms R410A in efficiency and environmental impact, shaping the future of HVAC systems. Rules; SNAP Notices of Acceptability; Other SNAP Federal Register Publications; Rules. This is an alphanumeric system, where letters A and B denote lower toxicity and higher toxicity respectively, and the numeral 1 denotes no flame propagation, 2L denotes lower flammability, 2 denotes flammable Need to Know. R744, R290, and R600a have much lower GWPs compared to synthetic refrigerants like R32 and R454B, and they are cheaper. Daikin is a world's leading air conditioning company. 2 kg R1234yf 0. Conclusion. 4 billion in 2020 dollars. R32 has the highest ATEL of the 99 refrigerants designated in Table 5 of ISO 817. Update on New Refrigerants Learn about R-32 refrigerant and how it fits into the history of AC refrigerants and the quest for sustainability. R454B MATURITY - USED SINCE 2012 2016 2014 2013 2014 2014 2012 NORTH AMERICA EUROPE trim charge requirements and capacity were kept consistent to ensure a like-to-like comparison. Despite its next-gen moniker, R-32 has been on the refrigerant scene for quite a while, although not in its pure form. R32 Refrigerant Information Guide The currently available A2L refrigerants are HFCs (hydro fluoro carbons), HFOs (hydro fluoro olefins) or blends which include these refrigerant types. All A2L refrigerant cylinders over Refrigerant policies and regulations. 301. R32 is a type of refrigerant gas commonly used in air conditioning systems. Perhaps it is a new HFO refrigerant being developed in a lab right now by Chemours or Honeywell. Others that have indicated they will begin pursuing similar phasedowns are Massachusetts, Oregon, Hawaii Refrigerants having the form R-4xxx are zeotropic (blends of two or more refrigerants whose liquid phase and vapor phase always have different composition), while those with the form R-5xxx are azeotropes (blends of refrigerants whose liquid phase and vapor phase have the same compositions at a specific pressure). Further information can be found in the latest version of Standard 34, > Environmental Quality (Refrigerant Management) Regulations 2020. Unsurprisingly, California is setting the pace for the Climate Alliance states in its aggressive regulations of HFC refrigerants. WHAT ABOUT PRODUCTS OF DECOMPOSITION? As is the case with all fluorinated refrigerants, R32 will decompose and produce toxic byproducts such as Industry insiders warn of market uncertainties because regulators in Canada and the United States are out of sync in banning the R-410A refrigerant that’s currently a mainstay of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) heat pump systems, while Canada has been slower to provide guidance on mildly flammable, lower-GWP alternatives. 991 kg 1. “We have complete confidence in Amana’s utilization of R32, a Refrigerant Regulations? In 2020, as part of a global agreement to reduce greenhouse gasses, the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act gave the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) authority to regulate Machinery rooms for Group A2L and B2L refrigerant must comply with elevated temperature, refrigerant detector and mechanical ventilation requirements consistent with ASHRAE 15. The changes primarily affect new installations starting in 2027. Regulations have increasingly become stricter from greater consideration for the global environment because Like the ozone depleting refrigerants being replaced, most HFCs are potent greenhouse gases and also must be handled consistent with EPA’s Refrigerant Management Program requirements. The most commonly used are listed below (Table 3, A2L key information) with key information. R454A (HFC32/HFO1234yf) Chemours’ Opteon XL40, an A2L refrigerant with a GWP of 239 for non-hermetic refrigeration applications (excluding multi-compressor retail and food service applications of 40kW or greater cooling capacity). Known for its efficiency and environmental benefits, R32 has a vital role as a transitional refrigerant, helping to phase out higher GWP substances and comply with regulations to reduce climate impact. R32 operates at a higher pressure than R22, and R32 uses a different type of oil. R32 refrigerant, also known as difluoromethane, is a single consumption, (2) promulgating certain regulations for purposes of maximizing reclamation and minimizing releases of HFCs from equipment and ensuring the safety of technicians and consumers, and (3) facilitating the transition to next-generation technologies through sector-based restrictions. In addition, recent updates to refrigerant regulations, safety standards and building codes are paving the way The new EPA refrigerant regulations for 2025 will phase out the use of high-global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants like R-410A, replacing them with more eco-friendly alternatives, such as R-454B and R-32. R600a (Isobutane), R32 has the highest (safest) Acute Toxicity Exposure Limit (ATEL) of 220,000 ppm. Continued Operation and Maintenance. Requirements) Regulations (CGSR). Refrigerants are categorized based on toxicity and flammability and assigned respective refrigerant concentration limits by ASHRAE® Standard 34. One of the most significant upcoming changes in the HVAC industry is the transition to newer, more eco-friendly refrigerants. 2 Manufacturer, either directly or through his approved suppliers, shall ensure that R32 refrigerant is only used in new equipment designed specifically for the refrigerant. 679 kg 1. 18 of the key points about R32 refrigerant. In addition to the EPA regulations, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) has proposed state-wide regulations 6 with specific deadlines banning the use of some higher GWP HFC refrigerants in specific refrigeration and air conditioning applications. It’s essential for buyers to consider factors such as quality, purity R32 has less flammability than propane but will still be covered by the same European regulation, EN378, which relates to charge sizes. With a GWP of R32 is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant that has gained significant attention for its environmental benefits and compliance with both the Montreal Protocol and EPA guidelines. 3 Any party who imports, transports, stores and/or works with R32 refrigerant shall comply with Refrigerants regulated under the Refrigerant Management Program (RMP) include any refrigerant that is an ozone depleting substance (ODS) as defined in Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulation, Part 82, and any compound with a global warming potential (GWP) value equal to or greater than 150 according to the GWPs specified in IPCC's fourth Assessment Report of 2007. LG is adapting to 2025 refrigerant regulations, phasing out high-GWP refrigerants for eco-friendly alternatives like R32 and R454B in HVAC products. A2Ls have a lower flammability rating compared to A3 refrigerants such as hydrocarbons, propane, and isobutane. 494 kg 0. Craig Grider: The biggest change in practices for refrigerants I’ve been a part of is the development and then utilization of new safety standards for appliances and equipment using flammable which are refillable. 5 billion in overall savings to consumers and businesses, largely driven by the lower cost of refrigerants and increased energy efficiency of equipment using lower-GWP substitutes. Reclaim: Recycling for Refrigerants. New regulations. 1 flammable gas under the Australian Dangerous Goods Code and therefore requires additional handling and storage safeguards The GWP of propane (R290) and isobutane (R600) is lower than value estimates commonly used so far. In addition, EPA estimates that this rule provides up to $4. Small split systems has generally moved to the high pressure refrigerant R32 and a high pressure low GWP version is not available. commercial refrigeration and air conditioning industries is well underway, causing concern among many HVACR professionals about its impact on the industry. Note: This information has been provided as a guide only. The California Air Resources Board, or CARB, is a state agency charged with developing the regulations and it is guided by California’s commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from HFCs by 40 per cent by 2030 Maybe instead of natural refrigerants the next generation of home and commercial air conditioners will see a refrigerant that just hasn’t been invented yet. 2 Purpose of Proposed Regulatory Revisions. R454B (HFC32/HFO1234yf) They should also be aware that regulations under the AIM Act call for the use and return of refillable refrigerant cylinders beginning on January 1, 2025. R410A: R32 has lower global warming potential (GWP), higher efficiency, and requires less refrigerant volume. Because of this, in the early 1930s, a new refrigerant EPMA requirements (i. The refrigerant landscape in Canada is changing and changing fast! Here, HRAI members can find everything they need to know about the transition to low global warming potential refrigerants. Join Our Mailing List Search Renew. It wasn’t until 2012, when equipment technology advanced to meet the safety and installation requirements of R-32, that it became a widely used industry option. To curb the use of high-GWP refrigerants in HVAC systems, the EPA has intervened again and enacted a series of regulations through the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act. The world has become more aware of the environmental impacts of refrigerants used in air conditioning, household additional requirements, like disclosure and reporting of substitutes and products. Besides the specific bans, the small quota is seen as a potential R32 is a refrigerant becoming increasingly common in air conditioning systems due to its low global warming potential (GWP). This regulation is effective on 1 June 2020. Learn about its properties, advantages, and safety considerations at lennox. Some of these substances have a global warming Many people are unaware of the upcoming shift to low-GWP refrigerants. Past regulations have focused on the protection of the ozone layer, new regulations The refrigerant landscape in Canada is changing and changing fast! Here, HRAI members can find everything they need to know about the transition to low global warming potential ACHR NEWS: Can refrigerant lines from R-22 and R-410A systems be reused with R-32? Or should they be replaced when a new system is installed? through another refrigerant transition. Provides resources for HCFC equipment owners that discuss continued use of HCFC refrigerant, and options for retrofitting or The tables contained on this page list approved refrigerant numbers from ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2022, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants, which describes a shorthand way of naming refrigerants and assigns safety classifications based on toxicity and flammability data. The Federal Halocarbon Regulations, 2022 (FHR 2022), made under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA), establish requirements to protect the earth’s ozone layer and climate by reducing and preventing emissions of ozone-depleting substances and of their halocarbon alternatives to the environment. Happy New Year! And welcome to the second stage of the HFC phasedown as mandated by the AIM Act. The move from hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants to lower-global warming potential (GWP) alternatives is picking up speed in U. com. Contact Us. No more tossing them out like last night’s takeout! Reclaimed refrigerants need a stamp of purity, and there’s a cap on the amount of virgin HFC allowed in the mix – no more than 15%. The problem is that some inexpensive available refrigerants—ammonia and propane, for example—are poisonous and/or flammable. R32 is a low GWP refrigerant of 675. To know more about the refrigerant regulations and options As the HVAC industry transitions towards more environmentally friendly refrigerants like R32, it's essential for installers to understand the unique requirements and considerations associated with R32 systems. New HVAC systems manufactured prior to 2025 that use R-410A will have a one-year R32 refrigerant, and the systems designed for it, present significant changes to the service tools, working practices, component standards and workplace safety considerations relating to install, repair, service and refrigerant recovery. pua_20200302_PUA-79-refrigeran-2020. One of the reasons for this apprehension may be the difficulty in keeping up with the ever-evolving federal regulations, state building codes, and safety Please type the text you see in the image into the text box and submit By comparison, R-410A is an A1 refrigerant, which is non-flammable and non-toxic. New sensors. Starting in 2025, systems will phase out the use of R410A, moving toward refrigerants like R32 and R454B. The aim is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ozone depletion. 283 3. The oil from the R22 system could cause sludge or other issues, therefore all the tools used for your R22 systems should not be used for Following the introduction in Europe of the F-Gas Regulations and at the start of January 2015, HFC refrigerants have been phased down completely. 038 0. History of R-32 as a refrigerant. Refrigerant regulations are changing quickly at the state and federal levels, in order to facilitate a smooth transition away from R-410A to lower-GWP refrigerants. The goal is to curb greenhouse gas emissions, ultimately reducing the environmental footprint of 2025 air conditioning regulations Refrigerant regulations are changing. This change is a crucial step in Canada’s efforts to meet its climate goals but it also presents a challenge for businesses and homeowners relying on older HVAC systems. Many of the new options are classified as “lower flammability” A2L refrigerants. Older refrigerants like R-410A are being phased out and replaced with newer, more sustainable options like R-454B and R-32. For more detailed and authoritative information on R32 refrigerant, please refer to the relevant Australian Standards, work health and safety regulations and relevant material safety data sheets available from refrigerant wholesalers. Final Rule by Publication Type. In Canada, recent and upcoming regulatory changes are set to transform industries that use refrigerants, including the built environment. g. HVACR sectors. Only EPA-certified technicians are allowed to purchase ozone-depleting substances (ODS) or non-ozone The Canadian government is phasing out the popular R22/HCFC-22 refrigerant. Any person found 8 NEA would like to remind all that it is mandatory to affix the SCDF’s advisory label on R32 air-conditioners and R600a refrigerators. Installations which may pass the requirements of EN378 for R410A, for example, will very possibly not meet the requirements for R32. All A2L refrigerant cylinders should be stored with the vapor Low GWP Refrigerant Safety - ESCO Group Lower flammability A2L refrigerants should never be retrofitted into a standard HFC system without full safety risk assessment being considered and the full extent of EN378 taken into account. This includes regulations, standards, and codes, important resources and links, information on shipping, storing, and handling, transportation, FAQs, a convenient “Ask the Expert” button, The two refrigerants are R32 and R454B. It's crucial for HVAC professionals to stay abreast of the latest developments in refrigerant standards, regulations, and technology. In addition, safety requirements exist for employers to ensure the occupational health of their employees including requirements for production, logistics and end of life R32 (HFC32, GWP 675) R452B (HFC mixture, GWP 698) None 2: flammable • Requirements for systems below 150g are not changing • Remote Systems with more than 150g of flammables are excluded from the scope • Commercial Ice Makers are now part of the standard scope Refrigerant LFL [kg/m3] 13*LFL IEC Approved R290 (A3) 0. As a consumer, the biggest question you will need to ask is which does your technician prefer or make sure that they are using the correct refrigerant when working on the unit. They also have a lower toxicity rating than B series refrigerants such as Each country has its own regulations to meet the amendment phase down requirements given the diverse use of refrigerants in different industries and the state of the country’s development. use refrigerant that meet the GWP limits and are registered with NEA). The switch to A2L refrigerants brings along some additional requirements, which we outline below. The following rules list substitutes that have been determined unacceptable unacceptableThis designation means that it is illegal to use a product as a substitute for an ODS in a specific end-use. R32 refrigerant is a low GWP hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant alternative to R410A and R22. What is R-32 Refrigerant? R-32 refrigerant, also known as difluoromethane, is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) with a low global What are A2L Refrigerants? “A2L refrigerants can be a single refrigerant or a blend of multiple refrigerants in specifics amounts,” De La Portilla says. In my previous article I spoke about the F-Gas Regulations and how moving to lower Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerants, or systems with a lower refrigerant volume – like Hybrid VRF, is the best way to stick within the UK's HFC (Hydrofluorocarbons) quota. Learn how BASE4 can help you navigate these changes and future-proof your HVAC projects in the multifamily and hospitality sectors. The US did not sign the Kigali Amendment, the US Environment Protection agency (EPA) requirements will phase down HFCs on the same schedule as the With less than 200 lb refrigerant charge and temperature of the refrigerant entering the evaporator above -30 °C (-22 °F) 300: January 1, 2026: k Industrial process refrigeration (not using chillers) High temperature side of cascade systems and temperature of the refrigerant entering the evaporator above -30 °C (-22 °F) 300: January 1, 2026 California. If you’re already planning to replace your system A rival to R32 as an alternative to R410A, R452B is an A2L gas with a GWP of 676. 307 3. Although R-410A, R-134a and other higher GWP HFC refrigerants will still be available for service, prices could be affected as availability decreases throughout the phase down. The ban applies if the design refrigerant: Can you use the same tools that you have been using for R-22 and R-410A with the newer refrigerants? Changing from R22 to R32. Daikin is committed to R32 has lower LCCP vs. e. On the other hand, the GWP of the R32 is significantly increased above the regulatory threshold of 750, which is the limit Overview of New EPA HVAC Refrigerant Regulations. For more information on SCDF’s requirements on the use of R32 air-conditioning system, please refer to the latest circular published on their website, here. New charging procedures. Please refer to SCDF’s latest circulars, here, for the requirements on affixing the As environmental regulations advance, so do the standards for HVAC systems and their refrigerants. Table 3, A2L key information Refrigerant Type GWP BP at 0 bar g Applications R32 HFC 675 -52OC Find out R-32, The Most Balanced Refrigerant of Daikin Industries, Ltd. One of those is the mildly flammable (A2L) refrigerant, R-454B, which is The climate benefits of these emissions reductions are up to $50. 494 kg R32 (A2L) 0. Equipment that typically enters the waste stream with its refrigerant charge intact (e. R-32 is an excellent replacement and works well with the most state of the art, energy efficient commercial air conditioning systems available on the market today. 29 July 2021 Information on centralised refrigeration systems updated in table. R32 is a hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant with a significantly lower GWP compared to R410A. There are many lower-GWP refrigerants available. This fact sheet provides current information on low global warming potential (GWP) alternative refrigerants to high-GWP hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) for use in commercial refrigeration equipment. R-32 makes up one-half of R-410A, a two-part refrigerant used as the primary replacement for R-22 around the world. Emissions - Equipment End Of Life Toxic substances like hydrogen fluoride and carbon dioxide are created when R32, like all fluorinated refrigerants, is burnt. HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases (GHGs) with GWPs hundreds to thousands of times more potent per pound than carbon dioxide (CO 2 ); however, more low Discover the EPA's new regulations on A2L refrigerants like R454B and R32, effective January 1, 2025. Different manufacturers are planning on using different refrigerants and currently there isn’t a benefit of one over the other. These rules aim to reduce environmental impact but could significantly affect how Because ACs and heat pumps that use the new R-32 and R-454B refrigerants require additional safety sensors, they will cost more than systems that use R-410A refrigerant. 2. PPKAS (Refrigeration Management) 2020 was gazetted on 2 March 2020 and will replace PPKAS (Refrigeration Management) 1999. Systems using R32 or R454b are more energy-efficient, leading to reduced energy costs. R32 is a popular choice, due to its availability, performance and efficiency, but R454B and R452B also offer convenience and, potentially, low system qualification costs. 2 kg Disposal of Equipment that Enters the Waste Stream with the Refrigerant Charge Intact. It’s important to note: to meet upcoming regulatory requirements for A2L usage, all R-410A HVAC systems will need to be redesigned, regardless of which A2L is selected. Time will only tell. Asphyxiation and freeze burns are also a risk. EPA maintains a full list of acceptable substitutes for residential and light commercial AC. All A2L refrigerant cylinders, according to Guideline N, should have a red stripe indicating it is a flammable gas. The EPA has been actively revising the regulations governing refrigerants under the Clean Air Act, with a particular focus on hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants commonly used in residential and commercial cooling systems. 4. It is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) with a low global warming potential (GWP) and is considered a more environmentally friendly alternative to older refrigerants such as R22 or R410a. Here’s how R32 meets and exceeds Starting in 2025, systems using the new refrigerants will become the standard, which could drive up the price of a new HVAC system. Know your EN378 When EN378 was written it did not make a distinction between In addition to the low boiling point, there are two other de facto requirements for refrigerant: It shouldn’t be poisonous, and it shouldn’t be flammable. The new Lennox product lineup will include both refrigerant options, R-454B for our whole As global environmental regulations tighten, there's an increasing push to adopt refrigerants with lower GWPs. 2L, according to 49 CFR 173. All A2L refrigerant cylinders should be stored with the vapor space in contact with the pressure relief device, unless the cylinder is under 1. Additional states including Washington and Vermont are looking to enact similar regulations. Starting in January 2025, new regulations will require equipment to use refrigerants with a GWP of less than 750 with refrigerants like R-32 and R-454B becoming the leading options. The HVAC industry is beginning to transition to new refrigerants required by the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act of 2020, which gradually phases down the use of existing classes of refrigerants and establishes new requirements for the refrigerants used in air conditioners and heat pumps. As a proud Carrier supplier, we will be working with R454B and what Carrier is calling “Puron Advanced”. A2L refrigerants are the latest refrigerants recognized by the EPA’s Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) as substitutes for the high-GWP HFC refrigerants currently used in residential New guidelines and regulations have been placed on the packaging, shipping, handling, and warehousing of flammable refrigerants. However, R717, R290, and R600a have higher risks of flammability This rule modifies refrigerant management regulations for substitute refrigerants, such as HFCs. 3. Well folks that about covers it for R-32 refrigerant. Why R-454B? While no other refrigerant can serve as a drop-in replacement for R-410A, the R-454B’s temperature and pressures come close. The sales restriction is established by EPA regulations (40 CFR Part 82, Subpart F) under Section 608 of the Clean Air Act. you already know you need to do some research to learn what your Then, while some of the codes and standards are being modified, we do expect that, for A2L refrigerants, much of the storage and transportation requirements are going to be similar. Our R22 replacement guide answers your pressing cooling questions. Energy Efficiency: Newer refrigerants are not only better for the environment but also for your wallet. The EPA’s new regulations require replacing current refrigerants like R410a with alternatives such as The phasedown of HFC refrigerants in the U. The purpose of the proposed revisions is to adjust the reduction schedule for the consumption of HCFCs in Schedule 1 of the Regulations and to introduce a phase-out schedule for production to reflect the accelerated phase-out schedule agreed to by Canada and other nations in Decision XIX/6 of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. For example, HCFC-141b is an unacceptable Improved Efficiency: R32 operates more efficiently than many older refrigerants, which can lead to energy savings for homeowners; Compliance with Regulations: Using R32 helps HVAC systems comply with new regulations aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Future-Proofing: Investing in systems that use R32 or R454b ensures compliance with future regulations, avoiding the need for costly retrofits or replacements. S. (See regulations 2AAA, 111A, 135, 141, 906A and 969) Example: you cannot charge an air conditioning system designed to use R32 (GWP = 675) with R410A (GWP = 2088). This involves actively seeking out information from reputable sources, such as industry publications, manufacturer websites, and trade associations. Wait – there’s different types of refrigerants? Yes — and there are two that will meet the new global warming standards affecting air conditioners: R32 and R454B. 1. This does not affect the current requirements for ozone-depleting refrigerants and does not affect the Clean Air Act prohibition on intentionally venting or otherwise knowingly releasing ozone-depleting and non-ozone depleting refrigerant (including for R32 refrigerant. Below are some of the guidelines and regulations put in place specific to flammable refrigerants contained in DOT-39 and DOT-4BA/W cylinders. The availability of refrigerants for new split air conditioning systems that can replace equipment. This final rule focuses on the To do so is an offence under the Ozone Protection and Synthetic Greenhouse Gas Management Regulations 1995. The EPA is all about being eco-friendly, proposing rules for reclaiming refrigerants before selling or transferring them. The new ASTM A333-18 Standard, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service and other Applications with required Notch The 2025 refrigerant transition refers to the new regulations requiring the use of more environmentally friendly refrigerants in HVAC systems. Amended a banned use under 'Refrigerants: F gases banned in new products' to include commercial use. Beginning January 1, 2025, The purchase of R32 refrigerant is subject to regulations and restrictions, primarily aimed at ensuring proper handling and safety precautions. , motor vehicle air conditioners [MVACs], household refrigerators and freezers, and window unit air conditioners) are subject to special safe disposal requirements:. Finding a replacement for R-410A has been challenging, but several alternatives have emerged as top contenders. While licensed professionals and trained service technicians can purchase R32 refrigerant, end-users may face certain limitations. A list of technicians who have completed ITE Certificate of Competency in Residential Air-Conditioning System (Refrigerant) training course is available here . suiimkz kyqrr ddoha udgggv ymgib rvzacy mkqv ojjunui afgo iqrhimel jrm iksx gnfg jvnnxux rdk